Madhushala (Hindi: मधुशाला) (The Tavern/The House of Wine), is a book of 135 "quatrains": verses of four lines (Ruba'i) by Hindipoet and writer Harivansh Rai Bachchan (1907–2003). The highly metaphorical work is still celebrated for its deeply Sufi incantations and philosophical undertones and is an important work in the Chhayavaad (i.e. Impressionism) literary movement of early 20th century Hindi literature.
All the rubaaiaa (the plural for rubaai) end in the word madhushala. The poet tries to explain the complexity of life with his four instruments, which appear in almost every verse: madhu, madira or haala (wine), saaki (server), pyaala (cup or glass) and of coursemadhushala, madiralaya (pub/bar).
First published in 1935, the work got Harivanshrai Bachchan instant fame, especially when his own recitation of the poems became a craze at Poetry symposiums. When first published, it met criticism from many people for its apparent praise of alcohol. As noted in Bachchan's autobiography, after listening to the poems Mahatma Gandhi stated that these criticisms were unwarranted.[citation needed]
Madhushala was part of his trilogy inspired by Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat, which he had earlier translated into Hindi. The other titles in the trilogy were Madhubala (मधुबाला) (1936) and Madhukalash (मधुकलश) (1937).
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